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Manolo Valdés
(Valencia, 1942)
Margarita of Austria
h. 1983-1985
etching on paper. 48/50
125 x 97.3 cm
Inv. no. 3984
BBVA Collection Spain
The prowess of this internationally acclaimed artist is patent in this superb portrait of the Infanta Margarita of Austria. A print on two separate sheets, the black
aquatint
An indirect engraving technique to create areas with different tones. It is generally used in combination with other techniques like etching or
drypoint
An engraving technique consisting of drawing the image directly on an untreated plate using a sharp tool, like a diamond point or metal needle, to create little incisions that produce grooves throwing up rough edges or burrs. Depending on the amount of pressure applied, more or less material is raised, which influences the intensity and depth of the line to be printed. Unlike other methods, such as the burin or etching, which produce more precise lines, drypoint is characterized by offering artists great expressive potential thanks precisely to the burrs.
. First of all, the plate is covered with resin; afterwards, the areas the artist does not want to be bitten by acid are covered, generally with varnish or lightbulb lacquer. This process is carried out progressively, depending on the desired tones: the areas which are to be dark will be exposed to the acid for longer. The plate is then submerged in a soft acid, that dissolves the surface in the uncovered areas; these steps are repeated as often as necessary until achieving the desired tones. Once this process is finalized, the plate is cleaned –with alcohol if the material used is resin or wax, with petrol if varnish was used and with acetone is lightbulb lacquer was used. The plate is then inked and the paper is prepared by submerging it in water before printing.
and carborundum background reinforces the chromatic impact and the details obtained through
etching
an indirect techniqueof chalcographic engraving. The metal plate is first covered with a protective varnish, on which the engraver draws with an etching needle, ensuring that it touches the surface of the metal plate without producing any furrows. Once the drawing has been made on the varnished surface, the plate is submerged in a diluted acid bath which acts on the exposed metal parts from which the varnish has been removed by the etching needle. Once the lines have been etched, and the plate is taken out of the acid and the remaining varnish removed using a soft cloth and alcohol, it is ready to be inked up and pressed.
.
This work belongs to the second period in Manolo Valdés’ career, which began after the death of his friend and collaborator Rafael Solbes in 1981. Before that, as a member of the Equipo Crónica collective he had satirised Spanish iconological models, riffing on Roy Lichtenstein’s
Pop Art
An art movement that emerged at the same time in the United Kingdom and the United States in the mid-twentieth century, as a reaction against Abstract Expressionism. The movement drew its inspiration from the aesthetics of comics and advertising, and functioned as a critique of consumerism and the capitalist society of its time. Its greatest exponents are Richard Hamilton (1922-2011) in England and Andy Warhol (1928-1987) in the United States.
“comics” and the laconic facticity of Andy Warhol’s everyday objects.
Afterwards his practice adopted a more reflective mood. Once again, he used models taken from artists from the past —including José de Ribera (1591-1652), Diego Velázquez (1599-1660) and Francisco Zurbarán (1598-1664)— but now diluting the iconic value and the mockery and irony from his previous phase, using
collage
A technique in the visual arts consisting of gluing materials likes photographs, bits of wood, leather, newspapers and magazine clippings or other objects to a piece of paper, canvas, or other surface. Collage became widely popular in the early twentieth century thanks to Cubist painters, and it is still in use today as yet another artistic medium.
, engraving or sculpture as his chosen media.
This print of
Margarita de Austria
is a reinterpretation of the portrait of the Infanta painted by Velázquez and finished by the great master’s son-in-law Juan Bautista del Mazo (1612-1667) after his untimely death. However, in this case Valdés also engages in a dialogue with Piet Mondrian (1872-1944), using the latter’s signature black squares and primary colours to contrast with the sinuous round forms of the infanta’s headdress and her handkerchief.
Though dispensing with the infanta’s facial features, Valdés recreates all the other details: the handkerchief, the little bouquet of roses and violets, the sash, the hair, the necklace, the black neckline, the fan-shaped ribbon decorated with a brooch, or the earring in her right ear —all those elements remit to the portrait of the princess in what is undoubtedly a splendid tribute to the work of one of the all-time masters.
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