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https://www.coleccionbbva.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/P00875.jpg
Eusebio Sempere
(Onil, Alicante, 1923 – 1985)
Témpera
1960
gouache on paper
64.7 x 49.8 cm
Inv. no. P00875
BBVA Collection Spain
In a constant quest for a personal artistic style, over time Eusebio Sempere, who was also a member of the
Parpalló
group, went from abstraction to geometric simplification, seeking to fuse dynamism and movement, volume and three-dimensionality. Starting out from the premises of
Cubism
A term coined by the French critic Louis Vauxcelles (1870-1943) to designate the art movement that appeared in France in 1907 thanks to Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963), which brought about a definitive break with traditional painting. Widely viewed as the first avant-garde movement of the twentieth century, its main characteristic is the representation of nature through the use of two-dimensional geometric forms that fragment the composition, completely ignoring perspective. This visual and conceptual innovation meant a huge revolution and played a key role in the development of twentieth-century art.
and
Constructivism
an art and architecture movement born in 1914 in Russia which became known particularly after the October Revolution. The movement defends an active engagement of the artwork with its surrounding space. The term was first used by Kazimir Malevich (1878-1935) in 1917 to contemptuously describe a work by Aleksander Rodchenko (1891-1956) and it did not have a positive connotation until the
Realist Manifesto
from 1920.
, he shifted towards
Op Art
international art movement whose name derives from the abbreviation of the term Optical Art. The movement emerged in the late 1950s and reached its peak between 1965 and 1968. The goal of Op Art is to produce the impression of relief, depth or vibration through visual and optical effects. To achieve this end, artists explore the relationships between colour and space, with the aim of evoking the intended physical experience in the beholder. Artists were influenced by, among others, theories of pure visibility and the theory and philosophy of perception. Although it became popular all over the world, it was in Europe where the movement had its greater development, with figures like Victor Vasarely (1908-1997) and also Carlos Cruz-Diez (1923-2019) and Jesús Rafael Soto (1923-2005); although Venezuelans by birth, these last two artists had settled in Paris in the 1950s and belonged to the circle who gathered around Galerie Denise René. In Spain, one of the main representatives of Op Art was the Valencian artist Eusebio Sempere (1923-1985).
and Kinetic movements.
The line is the basic unit of his practice, which he employed to create spectacular effects and geometric volumes that appear to levitate in space. Through the use of colour and the line, generally in parallel, he managed to endow his works with movement and volume, sometimes generating a
moiré
the moiré effect or moiré pattern is a visual effect generated by overlaying two grids of lines at an angle or when the grids have slightly different mesh sizes. The origin of the expression comes from a type of silk or fabric with a rippled, “watered” effect.
-like effect.
Témpera
is part of a series of gouaches he had made in the fifties and sixties on small black or ochre supports by means of inserting ascending, sinuous lines with contrasts of light and colour, looking for greater volume and sense of spatiality. For Sempere, light was of capital importance in his works given that, combined with colour, it is able to create optical illusions, and plays of lines and geometric forms that ultimately characterised the style of this great artist.
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